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Did the Fed “Bail Out” Bear Stearns? |
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| author: gdz | 7 April 2008 | Views: 519 |
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"Oh, no! Two dollars!"
So cried investors three weeks ago. The Federal Reserve had just announced that it was lowering the discount rate by a quarter of a point and had arranged for the sale of Bear Stearns to JPMorgan Chase. Stock futures jumped on news of the discount rate cut and Bear sale until investors heard the price.
The market's anxiety was justified. If a legendary Wall Street investment bank that investors valued at over $100 per share just last December was suddenly worth next to nothing, what were the other Wall Street firms, such as Goldman Sachs, Merrill, and particularly, Lehman Brothers really worth? The news sent S&P 500 futures spiraling and set the stage for a tumultuous opening that Monday morning.
Recap on Crisis
Bear Stearns, founded in 1923, has been an aggressive player in the financial markets for many years. One of the pioneers of mortgage-backed securities in the 1980s, Bear was heavily involved in the packaging of sub-prime mortgages during the housing boom. As the prices of these securities slipped last year, Bear bought not only for its own account but also for its hedge funds that it established for its wealthy investors. Bear's purchases were financed with short-term borrowings that were collateralized against these securities. But as the market continued to tumble, lenders demanded more cash to secure their loans. When Bear knew it would not have enough cash to cover the margin, it went to JPMorgan, one of its lenders. Both then turned to the Fed to arrange a $30 billion dollar loan guarantee against |
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